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Saturday, February 22, 2020

February 22, 2020

COMPILER vs INTERPRETER


COMPILER vs INTERPRETER



The interpreter is software that is able to execute program code (written by the programmer) and then translate it into machine language, in order that the machine carries out the instructions requested by the programmer. The commands made by the programmer are executed line by line, while following the logic contained within the code. This process is extremely different from the compiler, where within the compiler, the results are already within the sort of one command within the sort of machine language, where the translation process is carried out before the program is executed.
Whereas Compiler itself is a system program that is used as a tool in programming. Software that does the process of translating code (which is made by the programmer) into machine language. The result of this translation is machine language. In some compilers, output in the form of machine language is implemented with a different assembler process.
To be clearer about the differences between Interpreters and Compilers, it helps me explain in more detail about these two things.
Difference between Compiler and Interpreter:
1. If you want to run a compiled program you can do it without needing the source code. The interpreter needs source code.
2. If the compiler, then making code that can be run by the machine is done in 2 separate stages, namely parsing (making code objects) and linking (combining object code with the library). There is no separate process for interpreters.
3. If the compiler needs a linker to combine the object code with various libraries in order to produce a code that can be run by the machine. Interpreters don't need linkers to combine object code with various libraries.
4. Interpreter is suitable for making / testing modules (sub-routines / small programs). So the compiler is rather troublesome because to change a module / small object code, the linking process must be done / re-merging all objects with the required library.
5. The compiler can optimize / improve the quality of the code that can be run. Some are optimized to be faster, some are smaller, others are optimized for systems with multiple processors. If interpreters are difficult or even cannot be optimized.
understanding of compilers & interpreters
understanding of compilers

For years, high-level language programming (high level languange-HLL) has been known outside in the computer programming environment because of its ease of manufacturing. In recent years there have been two factors of concern in program development, namely: program stability and maintenance. As is known, computers do not 'recognize' HLL, so we need a conversion into machine language.
Compiler is a program that translates from HLL into machine language on a computer. Besides the translation program, the compiler also has several important functions, such as diagnostics, for example the ability to detect errors. A violation of the HLL specification will be detected and reported to the programmer by the compiler so that it is immediately repaired so as to facilitate the formation of machine language equivalents.
interpreter understanding

Interpreter is software that's ready to execute program code (written by the programmer ) then translate it into machine language , so that the machine carries out the instructions requested by the programmer. The commands made by the programmer are executed line by line, while following the logic contained within the code.
This process is extremely different from the compiler , where within the compiler, the results are already within the sort of one command within the sort of machine language , where the translation process is carried out before the program is executed. The interpreter will translate the language into the target language directly orally while the translator will translate the language into the target language in writing.
Java is run using an interpreter, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). This causes the Java ASCII text file that has been compiled into Java bytecodes are often run on different platforms.




compiler and interpreter:

They are both the same as they achieve the same goal, but inherently different about how they achieve that goal. Compiled code takes the program (source) written in several types of programming languages, and then finally translates them into object code or machine language. The compiled code does the job much more efficiently, because it produces a complete machine language program, which can then be executed. The interpreter translates the instructions one at a time, and then executes the instructions immediately. Compiler itself is a computer program written usually in several language implementations.


Compilers and interpreters are both what we call translators. Their aim is to translate source language programming code such as (C ++, VB, Java, assembly and so on) into low-level languages (machine language) that are understood by computers.

How translators differ:

Compiler translates sorce code at once.

The interpreter translates the whole ASCII text file one line at a time.

Assembler may be a utility wont to translate programming language statements into the target computer's machine language .
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Monday, February 10, 2020

11 advantages of Android smartphones on the iPhone
February 10, 2020

11 advantages of Android smartphones on the iPhone

11 advantages of Android smartphones on the iPhone


 In recent years the gap between Android and iPhone has narrowed considerably. The iPhone was technically superior, and the only reason someone chose Android was because they couldn't afford an Apple device or because they didn't like the ideals of the Californian brand. .

Today, the technological gaps that once existed between the latest iPhones and the best Android devices have virtually disappeared. Of course, Apple's processors are little engineering marvels, and the hardware is top notch. But the competition is tight enough to make these differences interesting.
So what are the factors, big and small, that gives an advantage to Android smartphones? Let's start with the hardware itself.

1) More hardware choices with Android

 
 publicity 
Even on a tight budget, you can get a high-quality device like the Moto G7.
 When you're looking for a new smartphone, Apple offers you three hardware choices (unless you want to buy last year's model for a tiny discount). The current range of iPhone is available in two sizes, large and very large, and two price ranges, expensive and very expensive.
In contrast, your Android choices cover a wide range of sizes, shapes, feature sets, and prices. Some high-end Android devices (yes, I'm talking about Samsung) have prices comparable to those of a new iPhone, but the real good deal is in the mid-range, where devices like the OnePlus 7 Pro ($ 669) and the Pixel 3 ($ 799) compete head-on with high-end phones.

2) USB-C is the future, Lightning is out of date

With experience, we know three things about Apple Lightning cables: they have an annoying tendency to break; they cost a small fortune to replace and they need their personal collection of adapters to be useful. The Android universe has moved massively towards the more modern and much more versatile USB-C standard. Today almost all devices use the USB-C port, including laptops from Dell, Microsoft, Lenovo, and even ... Apple.

One day, the Californian firm will replace its Lightning connectors with USB-C connectors. Until then, it's one more cable that iPhone owners must carry.

3) But where is the headphone jack?

Raise your hand if you've already prepared yourself to connect headphones to your iPhone and discovered that you forgot or misplaced the adapter. Fortunately, there are many Android devices (including the new Pixel 3a) that still offer 3.5mm jacks.

After the hardware, we move on to navigation and organization defining a mobile operating system.

4) Settings (too) simplistic

 
This little speed icon in the Android control panel (left) is extremely useful. iOS (right) doesn't have it.
 Android and iOS have similar shortcuts for accessing some common system settings. On an iPhone, you swipe up and down to access the control center, which has a selection of shortcuts (very useful) that you can use to activate airplane mode, adjust the screen brightness and volume, use the calculator, etc. These shortcuts make excellent use of the Force Touch function.

But you know what you can't do from the control center? You cannot access the main Settings page. So you can turn Wi-Fi and Bluetooth on and off, but if you want to pair a new device or connect to a different access point, you have to leave the Control Center, find the Settings icon and the to open.

On the other hand, if you swipe down from the top of an Android screen, half a dozen common settings icons appear above current notifications. Swipe again to see a larger assortment of (customizable) setting icons. Press the label under the Wi-Fi or Bluetooth icon to go directly to the corresponding Settings page. Or click on the low speed icon to open the full list of settings.

5) the ultra-modifiable home screen

 
The Microsoft home screen is extremely customizable.
The most frustrating aspect of using an iPhone is its inflexible home screen. You get one icon per application, which you in turn can organize into folders on multiple screens. But you cannot arrange these icons as you wish.

On the other hand, the system proposed by Android by default is simpler to use. Better yet, manufacturers can offer their own overlay, with mixed results, but the real benefit is that you can replace apps based on your preferences.

6) The usefulness of pinned icons


On an iPhone, the icons on the home screen are shortcuts for individual applications, period. Do you want to quickly access a specific website, photo or document? Sorry, you'll need to open its app first, then search for it.

On the Android home screen, icons can represent individual items that are not applications. Shortcuts to Excel workbooks, OneNote notebook pages and even PDF files of boarding passes and other electronic tickets ...

7) Widgets on the home page

Android and iOS both offer a special home page, available by swiping to the right, where you can add widgets for faster access to calendar items, weather forecasts, a news feed, and more.

However, on Android we can add widgets directly to the main home screen. For example, widgets for messaging and calendar apps, music players, cloud services . Google and Microsoft both have a large selection of widgets.

 8) The Back button

For a decade, the iPhone had only one button, which you could tap, double-tap, or press and hold to accomplish tasks. Android, on the other hand, has historically included a row of three programmable buttons at the bottom. The Home and Recent buttons work in much the same way as the tap and double tap options on a regular iPhone, but the Back button is unique.

On both platforms, the dedicated application buttons disappear slowly, replaced by a series of gestures, but the concept of a dedicated Back function in Android remains. Application developers are trying all sorts of tricks to replicate this feature in iOS applications, with mixed results, but the lack of the Back button on iPhone is sometimes felt.

9) Clear all notifications with a single gesture

There is a kind of algorithm that governs the display of notifications on the iPhone home screen. Sometimes there is a large X to delete old notifications; other times, the only way to get rid of notifications is to delete them one at a time.

You can also manage how notifications are grouped and when they are displayed on iOS, but to do this you have to leave the notification center and go to Settings> Notifications. On Android devices, the two tasks are much simpler. When you swipe down to view current notifications, there is a Clear button at the bottom of the list.

10) Change your default browser

On either mobile platform, browsers use the engine provided by the operating system. The main reason for using another browser is to save and synchronize shortcuts, tabs, passwords, and history between devices.

On an iPhone, you can set Open With settings by app, so the Gmail app opens links in Chrome, Outlook, or Edge. But you cannot set this browser preference system-wide, so if you open a link from another application, it will open most of the time in Safari.

This is not a problem on Android, thanks to the Default Apps setting, where you can specify which browser you want to use for links. While you're there, you can also choose other apps to use for phone calls, SMS messages, voice assistance, and tap-to-pay.

11) Much more flexible volume control

Android offers independent controls on different types of sounds; iOS does not.
Regardless of the manufacturer of your mobile device, the High and Low Volume buttons are on the side. It will also have separate software volume controls. But iOS and Android handle these controls very differently.

On an iPhone, you can adjust the ringer volume independently of the other sounds by going to Settings> Sound and haptics, and deactivating the Change option with the buttons. Choose a volume for the ringtone, and you're done. In this configuration, you can turn off the ringer using the switch located just above the volume controls, but the Volume up / down buttons will only affect system sounds and applications.

Android, on the other hand, has the ability to allow different volume settings for calls, media, notifications, alarms and ringtones. This is especially useful for long car trips, where you can mute notifications so that they don't interrupt the music you're listening to.
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Sunday, February 9, 2020

History Of Android
February 09, 2020

History Of Android

Birth of Android

The creation of Android dates back to 2003 with an American company called ANDROID. Two years later, so in 2005, Google bought Android while keeping its reputation. At that time his objective was to develop an easy and understanding operating system for all. With BugDroid , its mascot, Android has conquered almost the whole world.
Android is the most used mobile operating system in the world and it is because it was bought by Google.

The different Android versions

It was not by simple magic that Android could conquer the whole world. This is because it is an open system. It is portable, that is to say from one device to another even on our vehicles.
If the Google product had remained intact since its creation, it could not have known the glory it has today. From day to day, improvements are added and there, we talk about system updates because we leave the initial version to a new version.
You should know that Android started with version 1.0 and today we are at version 8 or Oreo
All Android versions have a name and these are names of the treats, candies, chocolates listed in alphabetical order. Nothing that has to do with gluttony. I don't know why they chose this way to rename the different versions of the system.
different android versions

Alpha and Banana Bred

These are versions 1.0 and 1.1
It was in October 2008 that there was the first Android smartphone manufactured by T-Mobile and HTC Dream. Version 1.0 is called Alpha . The great innovation for this version was the notification bar, the appearance of widgets, the update of the Android Market application, browser supporting websites in HTML and XHTML, camera support, sending SMS and MMS.
In February 2009, Android 1.0 was updated and left from 1.0 to 1.1. This version was called Banana Bred or Beta . It brought new features such as: showing and hiding the numeric keypad included in the Call menu, support for saving the files attached to the menus.

CupCake

Released on April 30, 2009, version 1.5 was named CupCake . From this version, Google had decided to name all the different versions of the system with cake names in alphabetical order.
It is under this version that there was appearance of clipboard, of the first tactile keyboard, recording of videos and the possibility of sending them on Youtube or Picassa, video recording in MPEG-4 and 3GP format.

Donut

Version 1.6 of Android is based more on the graphics, support for the CDMA network, voice search, improved Android Market interface, Gallery: allows users to select multiple photos to delete. It is named after Donut .

Eclair

Released at the end of October 2009, version 2.0 was named Eclair . It brought several features: improvement of the touch keyboard, new browser interface and HTML5 support, animated wallpaper, support for Bluetooth 2.1, arrival of Google Maps, speech synthesis.
The 2.1 update was Google's work on its first Android smartphone, the Nexus One , with the first Qualcomm Snapdragon processor.

Froyo

Its arrival was in May 2010 and Froyo was the name given to version 2.2. It is a particular version which brought the support of Flash Player 10.1, the addition of lock screen with password, integration of the JavaScript engine V8 of Chrome in the browser, Wifi Hotspot and USB Tetherin, possibility of deactivating the data on a mobile network, Android Market becomes Google Play.

GingerBread

In December of the same year, 2.3, GingerBread , arrived. GingerBread brought support for WebM / VP8 video formats and AAC audio encoding, adding a download manager.

Honeycomb

Version 3.0 was reserved for Android tablets. Then, there were updates giving birth to versions 3.1 and 3.2 to resize the widgets. Its innovations were: interface entirely reworked and optimized for touch tablets, three-dimensional desktop with improved widgets, update of Google Play, improvement of the prediction of words during the handwriting input of Chinese.

IceCream Sandwich

It is on October 19, 2011 that the history of Android will reach its peak with the arrival of IceCream Sandwich , version 4.0. Compatible with smartphones and tablets, this version brought new features such as: adding dictionaries to the virtual keyboard, screenshot , viewing internet consumption, updating the browser, supporting Full HD video recording , added widgets, easier creation of folders, a new customizable launcher, improved visual messaging, improved copy / paste, unlocking by facial recognition if the device is equipped with a front camera.
icecream IceCream

Jelly Bean

Versions 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 are named after Jelly Bean . The first device with the 4.1 update was the Nexus 7 . It brought: offline voice search, high resolution photos on Google+, Google Search application replaced by Google Now, Chrome as default browser, improved keyboard by integrating gesture input (Swipe), added screen saver , added zoom in Gmail.
android jelly beanJelly Bean

KitKat

On September 3, 2013, Google announced that version 4.4 will be called KitKat , while several rumors announced the name of Key Lime Pie. This version was released on November 4, 2013 at the same time as Nexus 5. Its perfections are: Hangouts replaces the Message application and centralizes SMS, MMS and video calls, update of the Google keyboard which adds emojis.
Android 4.4 KitKat

Lollipop

On October 15, 2014, version 5.0 was named Lollipop .
It is offered as soon as it is released on Nexus devices, in particular Nexus 6, 9 and Player which are available from November 3, 2014. Its innovations are as follows: total redesign of the graphic interface with a new design called Material Design, project Volta which allows to optimize energy consumption and gain autonomy, improvement of the notification system.
Android Lollipop Lollipop

Marshmallow

This new version of Android, 6.0 symbolizes the transition to a new unit but also a new treat. This version is named Marshmallow and was officialized on August 18, 2015. It brings the final integration of the Multi-window mode, quick action bar for tablet.
android marshmallow Marshmallow

Nougat

Official launch on September 21, 2016 in the city of Montélimar to which Google has offered an official statue of BugDroid Nougat. Version 7 is called Nougat .
android nougat

Oreo

The first version was launched on August 21, 2017 before it became stable on October 5, 2017. With the arrival of Oreo, we can now watch a film with Google Play Film and TV, watch a video with Google Chrome and make calls videos with Google Duo.
android oreo Oreo

magpie

Android 9.0 Pie put online by google on Monday August 6, 2018 some holders of a few smartphones like Google Pixel, Huawei, Nokia, LG, OnePlus, Samsung and other compatible smartphones can already install it
The discovery of the new features of Oreo's successor, the features with this new version are enormous like that of mapping and location inside buildings, notifications, privacy, interface, Bluetooth, energy saving are there a few features added to this version compared to previous versions.
This Android 9.0 Pie version long awaited by many curious people is finally official.
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